A numerical investigation of three-dimensional falling liquid films

Abstract In this article, we present a full three-dimensional numerical study of thin liquid films falling on vertical surface, by solving the Navier–Stokes equations with hybrid front-tracking/level-set method for tracking interface. General film flow applications span across many types process industries but also occur in multitude natural and environmental such as ice sheets, glaciology even volcanic lava flows. study, propose three configurations films. Two them, small moderate Reynolds number, are set to mimic pulsed forced inside minimum periodic domain, able cover entirely temporal evolution single wave. The latest example, corresponding high is initialised flat interface without any specific perturbations. For first time, highlights transition from non-deformed its streamwise disturbance (two-dimensional wavy flow), then second spanwise wave (three-dimensional flow).